Symptoms, treatment of swine flu
If diagnosed with swine flu, treatment what should be? This question became acute in 2009, when the humanity is faced with a previously unknown disease outbreaks around the world and scientists have engaged in active search of flu. The disease was considered a problem animal, suddenly beginning to spread rapidly among the people.
Currently, the measures have given a boost to the development of vaccines and medicines. Now, if you find the swine flu, the treatment is possible. Despite the variability of the pathogen, experts have learned to fight the disease, and the terrible consequences left behind. Now can be successfully treated swine flu, but it is better to carry out prevention and to prevent its infection.
The essence of the disease
Swine flu is an acute respiratory disease of infectious nature caused by lesions of swine virus group A. the Most common pathogen becomes a variation of H1N1, but it is possible infection by viruses of subtypes n1N2, n3N1 and H3N2, and viruses of group C. the Microorganisms have an increased tendency to mutations when interacting with each other that complicates their differentiation.
The principle of destruction of the body pathogen similar to other influenza viruses. Infection enters on mucous membranes of the respiratory channels, where it accumulates and multiplies, causing an inflammatory reaction. As a result of influence of pathogenic microorganisms occurs superficial destruction of the tracheal and bronchial cells, their degeneration, necrosis and rejection.
Human infection is by airborne droplets way. The agent is able to preserve vitality in the air after coughing or sneezing for several minutes is a long time on the surface of objects of common use.
Active effect of the virus may last up to 2 weeks in severe toxic and allergic reactions of various organs, primarily the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Primarily affects the vessels, increase the permeability and fragility of stenosini tissue, changing blood circulation, leading to hemorrhage in some internal organs. Vascular disease cause serious complications in the form of hyperemia, congestion, thrombosis, and advanced stage - an increased secretion of CSF causing intracranial disorders.
The symptoms of the disease
The incubation period usually lasts up to 2 days, but can last 5 days. The disease manifests as acute symptoms. For others the patient is a danger for 6-7 daysdisease, then ceases to be an active source of pathogenic infection.
The severity of the lesions of swine flu depends on the person's age, the presence of other underlying diseases, contact with a pathogen previously. Most often the disease develops in moderate or severe form. The main symptoms of flu:
- temperature up to 39° C and above;
- intoxication;
- active secretion of sweat;
- weakness;
- fear of light;
- headache and pain in the joints, muscles and behind the breastbone;
- hyperemia of the palate, pharynx, conjunctiva;
- dry cough;
- runny nose.
In a heavy phase of influenza the temperature rises above 40° C, appear neurological disorders (seizures, hallucinations, etc.), experience bleeding from the nose and vomiting.
The progression of the disease leads to a number of complications. Most commonly, the lesion develops lung segments pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, and severe stage - lung edema and hemorrhagic pneumonia. When unfavorable course of the disease cases were observed in hyperthermic syndrome, inflammation of the meninges (meningitis), neurotoxicity, respiratory failure.
The principle of treatment of the disease
Treatment of swine flu is not fundamentally different from treatment of other forms of influenza: the destruction of the pathogen, removal of intoxication and restore acid-base balance, ie, conducting a antiviral, detoxifying and restorative therapy. During the complex course of the disease measures are taken to prevent the development of pneumonia, respiratory failure, lesions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It is impossible to do without symptomatic therapy because of acute symptoms of painful signs.
The General plan of treatment of swine flu includes the following activities:
- Drink plenty of liquids (juice, mineral water, alkaline-type, hot tea).
- The appointment of a fever-reducing medication (acetaminophen, ibuprofen and others).
- The appointment of vasoconstrictor drugs to ensure nasal breathing (having tried at all, nazivin, etc.).
- Increase the body's resistance by taking vitamin complexes with the obligatory inclusion of vitamin C and multivitamins.
- The appointment of antihistamines (tavegil, suprastin, zaditen, etc.).
- The use of interferons.
- Carrying out specific antiviral therapy aimed at the destruction of the swine flu virus the particular type.
- Preventiveevents.
Drugs to treat swine flu
The massive spread of swine flu managed to win the development and use of drugs zanamivir (relenza) and osteltamivir (Tamiflu), which are successfully used now.
In the scheme specific antiviral therapy include the following: ingavirin, Theraflu, Arbidol, kagocel, interferon alpha-2 beta and gamma.
Under rather mild form of swine flu treatment recommended by arbidola or a combination of interferon (ingaron). For more complex stages should be combined and kagocel Arbidol. In the first days of the manifestation of the disease is assigned kagocel. Arbidol was adopted at the same time.
It is possible to use other regimens: ingavirin or Tamiflu for 5-6 days. Treatment of pregnant women is recommended with use of alpha interferon in suppositories.
Other antiviral drugs may be mentioned rimantadine, which inhibits the virus of swine flu. Used orvirem representing the children's form of rimantadine syrup.
Sufficiently effective treatment of swine flu is provided by application of interferons and their combinations. Interferon alpha 2-beta in the form of nasal drops is realized in the form of drugs grippferon and alfaron. In the form of ointments for lubrication of the nasal cavity presented with interferon and infiel. Also produced varieties in the form of rectal suppositories: Viferon, genferon®, kipferon. For children and pregnant women are recommended candles Viferon-1 and 2, genferon ® light. For intake is assigned to interferon reaferona-EU-lient.
To enhance the production of interferon in the body (increasing viral resistance) used interferon inducers: Amiksin, lavomax, tsikloferon, citovir, neovir, ridostin. The citovir available for children in the form of syrup, and neovir and ridostin used for injection.
Vaccination and prevention
To ensure that the disease has bypassed human side, we should apply preventive measures: to avoid contact with people who have the symptoms (persistent cough, sneezing, runny nose), avoid crowded places, wearing gauze bandages, the observance of measures of personal hygiene, strengthening the immune system by taking vitamin complexes and adjustments to lifestyle.
Important vaccination. Currently a number of effective vaccines, for example, INFLUVIR, pandeflju, monogrippol neo. Last resort is especially recommended for the prevention of the disease in children.